Machine translation from English source
When encountering rough weather, rough seas or swells, care must be taken to avoid damage to the vessel and its cargo.
Particularly at night, it may be difficult for the officer on watch to assess the effects of heavy weather.
When you're heading straight into the waves, it may be necessary to change course and/or speed.
Navigation in adverse weather conditions
The captain must be satisfied that the vessel is fully seaworthy and must keep a close eye on the timing of the sailing at all times. During a storm, only the best helmsmen should be hired, and if conditions arise where it is necessary to meet every wave at the helm, he should consider changing the helmsman every 1 hour to avoid fatigue. Clear view screens should be tested in advance, along with a fog alarm device, in anticipation of poor visibility. Distress flares must be at hand.
After submitting a resume for crewing vacancies, each seafarer should undergo several interviews,
in order to prove their skills and knowledge.
After a long period of rough weather, the wave length can reach a certain length according to the length of the ship, and when the ship's midsection is in the trench, the crest of the oncoming wave can break through the bow at 50 knots plus the ship's speed.
If on ballast voyages ships with sufficiently powerful engines move too quickly into the head sea, then the lower part of the bow of the ship after leaving the water will hit the waves with the subsequent possibility of damage to the bottom.
The risk of such damage should be avoided.
to the ship
When operating ballast voyages in adverse weather conditions, it is necessary to keep the water ballast tanks full to ensure the most favorable conditions of draft, trim and stability.
The GM must ensure that early steps are taken to ensure that everything necessary is done to prevent a violent forward thrust. This is especially important for ships in light ballast.
When circumstances allow a change in speed or course, this often results in an easier roll.
Double bottom tanks at the bow and rear of the vessel should be kept as full as possible when sailing with ballast in bad weather to avoid exposure to oil or water in weak tanks and possible leakage. In all circumstances, when sailing in ballast, it should be common practice to use oil only from the ship's middle tanks in the most stable part of the ship, which will also best maintain trim.
