Machine translation from English source
a) Construction - pipes, filters, valves and taps.
Where possible, pipes, filters, valves and taps should be located away from possible sources of ignition. It is recognized that the choice of location may often be limited, but it should often be possible to move small diameter connections to a safer location.
If a pipe, coupling or connection failure could cause fuel, lube oil or hydraulic oil to splash onto a hot surface such as an engine exhaust system, suitable shielding must be provided to divert oil leakage away from the hot surface.
Whenever possible, pressure pipes used to supply heated oil should be located above floor slabs in well-lit and visible areas.
High pressure fuel injection pipes on diesel engines must be double lined. The annular spaces between the inner and outer pipes must merge until installed in a safe position (2 mechanic vacancies).
Other protection, such as shielding, may be used in place of double-clad pipes if an equivalent level of safety can be maintained.
It is important that flexible oil pipes are able to withstand normal operating conditions such as vibration and pulsation. The type of pipe used had to be found suitable for the proposed application either by previous long-term use in a similar installation or by accelerated testing on an onshore test rig. Flexible pipes must have sufficient fire resistance, and it should always be kept in mind that the fire-resistant properties of flexible pipe are of no use if the pipe ruptures. When installing flexible pipe, you must always ensure that it has sufficient free movement and is not subjected to unnecessary stress when the machine is stopped.
Common causes of breakdown
A common cause of pipe failure during operation is the pipe becoming kinked when the end nut is tightened. Particular attention should be paid to the manufacturer's installation instructions and strict adherence to shelf life and service life recommendations.
Due to the number of fires caused by unintentional opening or failure of vent plugs and valves, as well as faulty pressure gauge lines, correcting these items should be considered whenever possible. When installation cannot be avoided, they should be located so that they are clear of ignition sources.
If this is not possible, hydraulic power units or other hydraulic equipment should not be located in areas with hot exhaust systems or other heated surfaces that could ignite hydraulic oil upon contact.
b) Oil units, pumps and fittings (2 mechanic vacancies)
Oil-bearing units, pumps and fittings present the same hazards as oil-carrying pipes and the following precautions should be observed:
i) Suitable screens must be installed to prevent any oil that may leak from any oil pump, filter or heater from coming into contact with boilers or other heated surfaces.
ii) Universal drains or drains shall be provided under oil pumps, heaters or strainers to collect any oil that may spill when any cover or door is removed. Similar measures should be taken at the furnace fronts to intercept any oil that may escape from the burners. In the case of top fired boilers, special care should be taken in the placement of caps and coamings to prevent the spread of any oil spill.
iii) Any relief valve installed to prevent overpressure in the fuel oil heater must be in a closed circuit.
iv) Main oil valves on furnace façades should be quick-closing and installed in visible and easily accessible locations. It is recommended that they be painted bright red for easy identification in an emergency.
v) The following conditions must be met:
Do not allow oil to flow into any burner unless it has been properly connected to the oil supply line. Do not remove the burner until the oil supply is turned off.
vi) For proper reference of the assistant mechanics, provide a diagram of the installed oil piping.
In many cases, the ship's main engine (responsibility of 2 mechanic vacancies) and auxiliary engine(s) are supplied by the same fuel or booster pump. Thus, if there is a leak, the watchman, from his position in the control room, must stop all machinery in an attempt to stop further leakage on the faulty machine. Although advice is given that the best course of action may be to shut down all equipment, there will be times when quickly stopping the leaking machine and cutting off the fuel supply will be sufficient. Therefore, in installations with multiple engines powered by the same fuel supply system, consideration should be given to installing means to isolate and supply fuel to individual engines.
Changeover valves and their safety devices associated with duplex filters in oil systems should be designed and maintained in such a way as to prevent accidental opening of the service filter...
