Machine translation from English source
A heavy lifting operation must always be well planned and executed with the utmost care. A risk assessment needs to be carried out and a work permit system must be put in place.
PRELOAD
The Chief Mate is responsible for planning, safe handling, loading and unloading of cargo.
The Chief Officer will develop an appropriate loading plan for the vessel to ensure cargo is distributed in the hold to allow multiple hatch unloads based on the tonnage/cargo capacity details from the manifest.
Permissible load on deck/hatch cover - the maximum load on the top of the tank must be previously determined and checked - before starting loading into cargo holds, clean cargo spaces, check holds, check lighting, ventilation and general conditions of the hold.
Hatch Covers - Before loading onto the hatch cover, clean the hatch covers, batten down the hatches, secure all side braces, and check the general condition of the hatch cover.
Movable Bulk Objects - All movable bulk objects and all movable loads (individual units) must be properly secured and secured before operating a heavy lift. They can be moved or dislodged when the boat tilts when lifting a heavy load if they are not properly tied down and secured.
Fastening Materials and Fastening Gears Ensure sufficiently clean fastening materials and fastening gears are available on board and place an order if not.
Meetings - Gather all personnel (assistants + ratings) involved in heavy lifting operations and explain procedures, rules and regulations, and assign their responsibilities.
Stability and Tension - In any heavy lifting operation, the critical stage when the Ship's Lifting Device is used is when the load has just cleared the ground. The weight of the load then acts as if it were placed on top of the lifting mechanism, and this causes the vessel's center of gravity to rise.
The initial stability must be sufficient to avoid a situation where the vessel's center of gravity rises above its transverse metacenter, resulting in the formation of a capsizing arm. The boat will also heel as the load is lifted upward, and any sagging tanks will create a free surface effect, causing the center of gravity to rise further.
The assessment that must be made to confirm the appropriate 'GM' for the vessel before, during and after lifting the load.
Crucially, the challenges lie in the risk of the vessel becoming unstable when the weight is taken up by the cranes, and an appropriate set of strategies must be developed to address this issue. Use ballast water to balance the weight of the cargo as it lifts off the dock.
Check the tension of the vessel and it should be released from tension at any time.
Lifting Devices - Safety measures must ensure that adequate and suitable lifting devices are available in accordance with the Lifting Devices and Lifting Equipment Register, and that any required special devices are available and used before handling a load.
Lifting devices on board must be of sufficient strength. The maximum safe working load (SWL) and maximum reach of all drilling rigs must be predetermined.
Check that the associated ropes, wires and shrouds, eyelets, shackles and pulleys are suitable for these loads.
The structure of the vessel, crane, derrick or other lifting device and supporting structure must be of sufficient strength to withstand the loads that will be imposed during operation at the point of maximum load.
When selecting lifting accessories, consider the following:
cargo to be handled;
capture points;
free mechanism for securing loads and for attaching accessories to lifting equipment;
atmospheric phenomena;
mode and configuration straps.
The cargo equipment book must be current and accessible for inspection. Lifting mechanism certificates must be in order and SWL is sufficient
Cargo Line - Ensure that the vessel does not violate the cargo line rules after loading and during passage.
DURING LOADING (ship ru)
Supervisor-Senior Mate to ensure adequate loading conditions and proper stowage, and to ensure that all cargo is properly stowed.
Before the first lift - make sure the boat is as close to vertical as possible and calculate the maximum heel during operation.
Avoid any weak tanks.
Prepare the holds to receive cargo. This material must be assembled to secure lifts, blocks, shackles, draglines, bars and other necessary equipment
in advance. This material must be loaded into the hold before being brought on board.
Lay out dunnage to distribute cargo and protect the vessel/cargo.
Rigging fenders and barges, etc. reset.
If necessary, the railings can be removed.
the first climb is
Sufficient power supply on deck.
Nonessential personnel are cleared from the work area.
If necessary, port authorities should be informed before the operation begins so that any passing traffic can be asked to slow down.
Load lifting points must be satisfactory. Every part of the load which is used for lifting it, and everything attached to the load and used for that purpose, must be of good construction, of sufficient strength for the purpose for which it is to be used, and free from defects.
Reject damaged cargo from loading. If unavoidable, any damaged cargo received on board must be noted on the seaman's receipt and bill of lading, which must be approved.
Crane taps are equipped to function correctly.
The operator must check the safety devices installed on lifting devices before starting work and at regular intervals thereafter to ensure they are working properly.
Cargo equipment must be checked regularly throughout the cargo operation for damage or malfunction.
Signal person - should always be deployed at the hatch when working with a load, regardless of whether the crane operator has a full unrestricted view of the load or the entire work area. The signalman should be positioned to have a complete view of the operation, and if this is not possible, additional signalmen should be used to assist.
The connection has been established. Walkie-talkies must be used between the signalman and the crane operator.
Before signaling a hoist, the signalman must obtain permission from the person making the load that it is safe and must ensure that no one else will be endangered by the hoist.
Before signaling to descend, he must alert the personnel en route and ensure that everything is clear.
Cargo handling - experienced operators.
The entire operation must be done slowly and using
Any slings used must have an adequate SWL (ship directory).
The lifting hook must be positioned exactly above the load to prevent the load from dragging on the ground and swinging, causing excessive load on the lifting device.
Loads should be lifted and lowered smoothly, avoiding sudden jerks or “snatching.”
When a load does not move properly after being lifted, the signal person must
Warn of the danger immediately and the load should be lowered and adjusted as necessary.
Hooks, slings and other gear should not be loaded beyond their safe working loads. Slings and slings must be of sufficient size and length to be used safely and be applied and tensioned tightly enough to prevent the Loa or any part of the load from slipping and falling. Loads must be properly stacked together and properly hung before they are raised or lowered.
Before lifting any heavy load, it should be given a test lift to check
slinging efficiency.
Appropriate precautions, such as the use of packing or chafing parts, must be taken to prevent sharp edges of loads from damaging chains, wires and fiber ropes.
The angle between the legs of the slings should usually not exceed 90°, as this
reduces the safe working load of the sling. Where this is not reasonably practicable, the angle may be increased to 120° provided the slings have been designed to operate at larger angles. However, it should be noted that at 120° each leg of the sling takes on a tension equivalent to the entire mass of the load (notis korabel ru).
Movers should check all equipment before lifting a heavy lift. Movers must use slogans on all heavy lifts.
All personnel should stay away from the heavy lift entering the hatch until it is several inches below the landing area.
Deck personnel can then assist in stabilizing the lift for
Suitable safety nets or temporary barriers should be installed where personnel have to walk or climb over accumulated loads and are therefore at risk of falling.
Lighting - During cargo operations, cargo spaces must be adequately lit, avoiding strong contrasts of light and shadow.
Ballasting - Adjust the ballast as planned.
Mooring Lines - Sufficient crew wearing PPE to monitor the mooring lines.
Ladder/gangway placement will be present.
Draft - Check draft before and after loading/unloading heavy cargo.
AFTER LOADING (catalog shipbuilder ru)
Harnesses are secured in the folded position against all expected movements of the vessel at sea.
Welding rings on top of tank for mounting - avoid hot work directly on FO/DO tanks.
UNLOADING
The above mentioned applicable important points must be observed when unloading.
