Automatic translation
Ukraine has an extremely favorable geographic location for the development of the shipbuilding and ship repair industry. Access to the Black and Azov Seas, close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea are the main arguments and factors contributing to the development of these industries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and some decline in these industries, there has been a steady growth in the shipbuilding industry in recent years. The main factor contributing to the new round of development was the high workload of large shipyards in Asia. Thanks to this, many European shipowners began to pay attention to the production capacities of Ukrainian factories. Shipbuilding of different types of ships Today in Ukraine there are about 50 companies engaged in shipbuilding of various types of ships. The largest ones include the following: in Nikolaev - OJSC "Shipbuilding plant" Liman ", State enterprise" Shipbuilding plant im. 61 Communards ”, JSC“ Ocean shipbuilding plant ”, in Kiev - JSC“ Leninskaya Kuznitsa plant ”, in Kherson - JSC“ Kherson shipbuilding plant ”, in Zaporozhye - JSC“ Zaporozhye shipbuilding plant ”. Despite the relative successes and periodically executed large orders from the leading European maritime powers, one cannot fail to note a number of problems and difficulties that accompany the shipbuilding industry in Ukraine. Let's select the most acute ones: many factories have a shortage of working capital, which affects the general financial and economic situation and the ability to meet contractual obligations on time and with high quality; the banking system of Ukraine does not provide opportunities for the systematic development of the industry. In particular, banks do not provide any benefits to shipbuilding companies and greatly inflate interest rates on loans; almost complete absence of financial support from the state for enterprises; 95% of the products manufactured by the factories are exported, which, of course, does not contribute to the development of the state's economy. The ship repair industry in Ukraine is also experiencing a number of problems associated, first of all, with significant competition from the countries of the Black Sea basin - Turkey, Bulgaria and Romania. The more advantageous location of Turkish shipyards, as well as the difficult political situation in relations with the Russian Federation, complicate the interaction of foreign customers with Ukrainian contractors. Development prospects Among the prospects for the development of the ship repair and shipbuilding industry, many experts and analysts see an orientation towards the delivery of goods by barge-tug trains and composite vessels to the Dnieper or Danube basins, as well as to roadstead and transshipment complexes in the Black Sea. To do this, it is necessary to consider the prospects for creating courts for such specific purposes. This approach will ensure maximum efficiency and return on investment. Summarizing the above, the ship repair and shipbuilding sectors continue to be very promising areas for the development of the maritime industry. However, it is worth recognizing that without appropriate support from the state and the banking sector, it will be extremely difficult to count on quick success and development. For example, in one of the main competitors of Ukraine in this segment - Turkey - conditions have been created to ensure the steady growth of enterprises in this industry. These are preferential terms for lending to enterprises engaged in ship repair (at a rate of 0.5% per annum), and the absence of VAT, and preferential terms for the payment of land taxes. With similar support from the state, ship repair and shipbuilding enterprises can become a serious competitive force and provide new jobs for thousands of shipbuilders.
