Machine translation from English source
This device is a very powerful navigation aid with great accuracy and stability. However, it may periodically lose contact with one or more satellites and will in such cases calculate a dead count and the position will not reflect normal accuracy.
Echolot
This instrument must be used whenever the vessel is in waters where the depth is such that it is suitable for use and when necessary for the safe navigation of the vessel. Where a vessel carries a depth recorder with alarm, this instrument should be used when navigating in narrow waters and in all other circumstances where the depth of the water makes it a useful aid which can enhance the safety of the vessel's navigation.
Compass
A magnetic compass is required by law, and at least once a year, or as often as may be necessary, the deviation must be determined by the turn of the vessel. In this regard, it is advisable to correct the compass for deviation, since a large deviation is inconvenient and can cause the compass chart to wander when changing course, or when the ship is yawing in bad weather, or when the steering is unstable.
The most serious factor causing compass instability is roll error. Under unfavorable circumstances - especially on a North or South course - compass map fluctuations can become so strong that it will be difficult to navigate using the compass.
Even if the roll error was partially neutralized at the beginning of the voyage, it can be eliminated.
If there is a large change in latitude, or northing (south) headings are heading for a long period of time, the compass may become unstable and it may help to adjust the heeling magnet. Once the heelingmagnet's initial position has been marked, move it up or down until the compass is stable; then, if possible, check the deviation along the compass heading and at two adjacent cardinal points.
Compass deviation must be determined at least once during each watch and after each course change. Observations of deviations on a certain course, as well as when turning the ship, must be recorded in the ship's log.
In addition to a magnetic compass, ships are equipped with a gyrocompass (Ec).
Course Registrar (employment for seafarers)
The heading recorder must show UTC, and when the ship is at sea, the position, wind and weather each day at 12 noon must be recorded on a recording paper. Each arrival and departure port or anchorage, date and location must be recorded on the chart.
Maneuvering the Printer (employment for seamen)
The engine maneuver printer should show UTC time and keep the same minutes as the engine room and bridge clocks. When the ship is at sea, this should be checked every day at 12 noon.
