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Work of a gas carrier: features, advantages, current offers for Marine MAN
Over the past few decades, the global demand for transporting gases has increased significantly, which has led to the emergence of a specialized class of seagoing vessels - gas carriers. These ships transport cargo in a gaseous state, which allows them to significantly increase their carrying capacity.Let's take a closer look at what gas carriers are, what they are intended for, and what difficulties you may encounter when getting a job. work on LPG, LNG court.
What are gas carriers?
Liquefied gases are substances that are in a gaseous state, but for their transportation they must be liquefied to a liquid. The key characteristics of such cargo are temperature and pressure. The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a substance is equal to atmospheric pressure. Liquefied gases can only be in this state at certain temperatures and pressures. According to IMO rules, liquefied gases include substances with a vapor pressure above 2.8 bar at 37.8 °C. For example, for propane it is 13 bar, and for ammonia it is more than 14.7 bar.
Vessels designed to transport gases must have not only cargo tanks capable of withstanding such pressures, but also special equipment to maintain the required temperature conditions. Accordingly, gas carriers are specialized vehicles specifically for transporting gaseous cargo.
Classification of gas carriers
As we have already said, gas carriers are specialized vessels capable of transporting a variety of gases after they have been liquefied. Depending on storage technologies and design, vessels can vary significantly. They fall into two main categories:
LPG - designed for transporting petroleum gases and chemical industry products (for example, ethylene, propylene and ammonia). Ethylene with a boiling point of -104 °C cannot be transported in LNG tanks.
LNG - ships for transporting LNG after removing impurities. Methane is transported at a temperature of -163 °C.
In accordance with the requirements of the International Maritime Organization, LNG carriers can be operated on international trade routes only if they comply with the LNG Carrier Code. The Code specifies a number of safety measures, including:
Protection of cargo and ship during collisions or groundings.
General safety requirements on ships.
Cargo storage conditions.
Structural protection of cargo tanks.
The procedure for carrying out loading and unloading operations.
Fire safety organization.
Environmental protection.
Use of cargo as fuel for ships.
Control of thermal expansion and contraction of cargo.
These are just the basic requirements; there are also requirements for the design of ships for transporting any type of gas in terms of maintaining the required pressure.
Types of gases for maritime transport
One of the main types of gases for marine transport is natural gas, which is based on methane (70-99%). Its transportation is carried out only in a liquefied state (LNG), and today its transportation volumes reach 80 million tons with annual growth. LNG vehicles are used to work with LNG; their number in the world has exceeded 200.
Petroleum gases include various products obtained during oil refining, where each individual type (propane, butane, anhydrous ammonia, etc.) occupies a small share. The total volume of transportation of such gases is about 45 million tons, and there are currently about 800 specialized LPG ships.
Peculiarities work on courts gas carriers
Work on gas carriers – this is a real challenge that requires high qualifications and responsibility. These vehicles transport LNG or LPG at extremely low temperatures, which creates special requirements for the crew:
Sailors will have to work with advanced technologies, monitor the condition of insulation and cooling systems, and monitor the pressure and temperature of the cargo. The slightest mistake can lead to serious consequences, so accuracy and professionalism are important.
Another aspect is safety. Gas carriers work with potentially hazardous substances, so when settling down work on gas carriers, the crew undergoes special training and strict instructions. Fire hazards, the risk of leaks and the need to strictly adhere to safety procedures make the job stressful, but also highly rewarding.
Psychological stability is important: gas carrier voyages can be long and working conditions can be difficult. However, professionals who have mastered this field receive not only a solid salary, but also the opportunity to work on modern, high-tech ships, which makes them in demand specialists around the world.